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Baidu World Technology Conference (Press Release).

Baidu, Inc. (/ ˈbaɪduː/ BY-doo; Chinese: 百度; pinyin: Bǎidù; lit. ‘hundred times’) is a Chinese multinational technology business focusing on Internet services and expert system. It holds a dominant position in China’s search engine market (by means of Baidu Search), and supplies a large variety of other internet services such as Baidu App (Baidu’s flagship app for search and newsfeed), Baidu Baike (an online encyclopedia), iQIYI (a video streaming service), and Baidu Tieba (a keyword-based discussion forum).

Besides its core internet search service, Baidu has actually diversified into a number of high-growth locations. The business is a leading gamer in autonomous driving (Baidu Apollo), [3] and smart consumer electronics (Xiaodu). [4] With over a decade of investment in artificial intelligence, Baidu is among the couple of tech business internationally to provide a full-stack AI stack, consisting of software, chips, cloud infrastructure, structure designs, and applications. [5]

The holding business of the group is incorporated in the Cayman Islands. [2] Baidu was included in January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. Baidu has origins in RankDex, an earlier online search engine established by Robin Li in 1996, before he founded Baidu in 2000. [6] The company is headquartered in Beijing’s Haidian District. [7]

In December 2007, Baidu ended up being the first Chinese business to be included in the NASDAQ-100 index. [8] Since May 2018, Baidu’s market cap rose to US$ 99 billion. [9] [10] [11] In October 2018, Baidu became the very first Chinese company to join the United States-based computer principles consortium Partnership on AI. [12] During the 2020s, Baidu has increasingly concentrated on generative AI associated products. [13]

The Chinese federal government views Baidu as one of its nationwide champion corporations. [14]:156 -157

Early development

In 1994, Robin Li (Pinyin: Li Yanhong, Chinese: 李彦宏) signed up with IDD Information Services, a New Jersey division of Dow Jones and Company, where he helped develop software application for the online edition of The Wall Street Journal. [15] He likewise worked on developing better algorithms for search engines and stayed at IDD Information Services from May 1994 to June 1997.

In 1996, while at IDD, Li established the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking [6] [16] [17] and got a United States patent for the innovation. [18] Launched in 1996, [6] RankDex was the very first online search engine that used links to determine the quality of websites it was indexing. [19] Li referred to his search mechanism as “link analysis,” which involved ranking the popularity of a web site based upon the number of other websites had actually connected to it. [20] It predated the similar PageRank algorithm utilized by Google 2 years later in 1998; [21] Google creator Larry Page referenced Li’s work as a citation in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. [6] [21] [22] Li later utilized his RankDex technology for the Baidu search engine.

Baidu was included on 18 January 2000 by Robin Li and Eric Xu. [7] In 2001, Baidu allowed marketers to bid for advertisement space then pay Baidu every time a customer clicked an ad, predating Google’s method to advertising. [20] In 2003, Baidu launched a news search engine and picture online search engine, embracing an unique recognition innovation efficient in recognizing and grouping the short articles. [23]

2005: Public Listing on NASDAQ

Baidu went public on Wall Street through a variable interest entity (VIE) based in the Cayman Islands on 5 August 2005. [24]

In 2007, Chinese government and Chinese industry sources mentioned that Baidu got a license from Beijing, which enables the search engine to become a full-fledged news site. Thus Baidu has the ability to provide its own reports, besides showing certain results as an online search engine. Baidu was the first Chinese online search engine to get such a license. [25]

Baidu started its Japanese language search service, run by Baidu Japan, the company’s first routine service beyond China in 2008. [26] The Japanese search engine closed on 16 March 2015. [27]

On 31 July 2012, Baidu revealed that it would team up with Sina to supply mobile search engine result. [28]

On 18 November 2012, Baidu revealed that it would be partnering with Qualcomm to provide totally free cloud storage to Android users with Snapdragon processors. [29]

On 2 August 2013, Baidu released its Personal Assistant app, created to assist CEOs, managers and the white-collar employees handle their business relationships. [30]

On 16 May 2014, Baidu appointed Dr. Andrew Ng as primary scientist. Dr. Ng will lead Baidu Research in Silicon Valley and Beijing. [31]

On 18 July 2014, the business launched a Brazilian version of the online search engine, Baidu Busca. [32]

On 9 October 2014, Baidu revealed acquisition of Brazilian regional e-commerce website Peixe Urbano. [33]

2017: Launch of Autonomous Driving Business

In April 2017, Baidu revealed the launch of its Apollo job (Apolong), a self-driving automobile platform, in a bid to assist drive the development of autonomous vehicles consisting of vehicle platform, hardware platform, open-source software platform and cloud information services. [34] Baidu prepares to introduce this job in July 2017, before gradually presenting completely self-governing driving capabilities on highways and open city roadways by 2020. [35] In September 2017, Baidu introduced a $1.5 billion autonomous driving fund to buy as numerous as 100 self-governing driving projects over the occurring three years. [36] At the very same time, Apollo open-source software application version 1.5 was also launched. [37]

In June 2017, Baidu partnered with Continental and Bosch, car market suppliers, on automated driving and connected cars. [38]

In July 2017, Baidu GBU entered into a collaboration with Snap Inc. to serve as the business’s main advertisement reseller for Snapchat in Greater China, South Korea, Japan and Singapore. [39] The collaboration was extended in 2019. [40]

In September 2017, Baidu rolled out a brand-new portable talking translator that can listen and speak in several different languages. Smaller than a common mobile phone, the 140-gram translation gadget can likewise be utilized as a portable Wi-Fi router and is able to run on networks in 80 countries. It is still under advancement. Baidu will also be inserting artificial intelligence (AI) innovation into smart devices, through its deep knowing platform. [41] [42] At the very same duration, it has also led a joint investment of US$ 12billion with Alibaba Group, Tencent, JD.com and Didi Chuxing, acquiring 35% of China Unicom’s stakes. [43] [44] [45]

In October 2017, according to The Wall Street Journal, Baidu would release self-driving buses in China in 2018. [46] [47] In the exact same month, Baidu revealed that its first annual Baidu World innovation conference (Bring AI to Life) would be held and live-streamed on 16 November 2017, at China World Summit Wing and Kerry Hotel, uniting Baidu executives, staff members, partners, developers, and media to go over the company’s objective and strategy, innovation breakthroughs, brand-new product developments, and its open artificial-intelligence (AI) ecosystem. [48]

China’s federal government designated Baidu as one of its “AI champs” in 2018. [49]:281

In 2018, Baidu divested the “Global DU organization” portion of its overseas business, which developed a series of utility apps including ES File Explorer, DU Caller, Mobojoy, Photo Wonder and DU Recorder, and so on. [50] This company now operates individually of Baidu under the name DO Global. [51]

2021: Hong Kong Secondary Listing

In March 2021, Baidu protected a secondary listing on the Hong Kong Stock market, raising $3.1 billion. This marked the largest homecoming for a U.S.-traded Chinese company in Hong Kong since JD.com’s listing the previous June.

In August 2021 Baidu revealed a new Robocar concept said to be efficient in Level 5 self-governing driving. [52] It likewise comes with the current second-generation AI chip that can evaluate the internal and external environments to supply predictive suggestions to proactively serve the requirements of travelers.

In June 2022, Jidu Auto, a smart electrical car business initially backed by Baidu and Geely unveiled its very first principle ROBO-01 in the kind of a pre-production car. The ROBO-01 rides on the Sustainable Experience Architecture (SEA) platform, a modular electric automobile platform established by Geely Holding. [53]

In August 2023, Baidu unveiled its ChatGPT-equivalent language design Ernie Bot publicly. [54] In October 2023, Baidu released a more recent variation Ernie 4.0 chatbot. [55]

As of April 2024, Apollo Go, Baidu’s self-governing ride-hailing service, had completed six million rides using driverless robotaxis across 11 cities. The service operates a fleet of over 400 driverless automobiles in Wuhan. [56]

Domain redirection attack

On 12 January 2010, Baidu.com’s DNS records in the United States were transformed such that browsers to baidu.com were redirected to a website claiming to be the Iranian Cyber Army, thought to be behind the attack on Twitter during the 2009 Iranian election protests, making the proper website unusable for 4 hours. [57] Internet users were consulted with a page stating “This site has been assaulted by Iranian Cyber Army”. [58] Chinese hackers later on responded by assaulting Iranian sites and leaving messages. [59] Baidu later on launched legal action versus Register.com for gross neglect after it was exposed that Register.com’s technical assistance personnel altered the e-mail address for Baidu.com on the demand of an unnamed person, regardless of stopping working security verification procedures. Once the address had actually been altered, the individual was able to utilize the forgotten password feature to have Baidu’s domain passwords sent out straight to them, permitting them to accomplish the domain hijacking. [60] [61] The claim was settled out of court under concealed terms after Register.com provided an apology. [62]

Baidu workers apprehended

On 6 August 2012, the BBC reported that three staff members of Baidu were jailed on suspicion that they accepted allurements. The kickbacks were presumably spent for erasing posts from the online forum service. Four people were fired in connection with these arrests. [63]

91 Wireless acquisition

On 16 July 2013, Baidu revealed its intention to purchase 91 Wireless from NetDragon. 91 Wireless is best known for its app store, but it has been reported that the app store deals with privacy and other legal problems. [64] On 14 August 2013, Baidu revealed that its entirely owned subsidiary Baidu (Hong Kong) Limited has signed a definitive merger agreement to get 91 Wireless Web-soft Limited from NetDragon Web-soft Inc. [65] for$1.85 billion in what was reported to be the greatest offer ever in China’s IT sector. [66]

Name

The name Baidu (百度) actually means “a hundred times”, or additionally, “countless times”. It is a quote from the last line of Xin Qiji’s (辛弃疾) classical poem “Green Jade Table in The Lantern Festival” (青玉案 · 元夕) stating: “Having browsed hundreds of times in the crowd, suddenly turning back, she exists in the dimmest candlelight.” (众里寻他千百度, 蓦然回首, 那人却在灯火阑珊处 。) [67] [68]

Services

Qunar (Qunar Cayman Islands Limited), travel-booking service managed by Baidu. Since 2013, Qunar had 31.4 million active users and raised $167 Million at its preliminary public offering that year. [69] It is noted at NASDAQ. [70]
Advertisements

Baidu’s primary marketing product is called Baidu Tuiguang and resembles Google Ads and AdSense. It is a pay per click marketing platform that allows advertisers to have their ads shown in Baidu search results page pages and on other sites that belong to Baidu Union. However, Baidu’s search results page are also based on payments by advertisers. This has actually prompted criticism and apprehension amongst Chinese users, with People’s Daily commenting in 2018 on concerns regarding dependability of Baidu results. Often as lots of as the very first 2 pages of search engine result tend to be paid advertisers. [71]

Baidu sells its marketing items via a network of resellers. [72] Baidu’s web administrative tools are all in Chinese, making it difficult for non-Chinese speakers to utilize. In 2012, a third-party company developed a tool with a user interface in English for marketing on Baidu. [73] [74] Advertisers on Baidu should have a registered organization address either in China or in defined East Asian countries. [75]

Competition

Baidu [76] takes on Sogou, Google Search, 360 Search (www.so.com), Yahoo! China, Microsoft’s Bing and MSN Messenger, Sina, NetEase’s Youdao and PaiPai, Alibaba’s Taobao, TOM Online, DuckDuckGo, and EachNet.

Baidu is the most pre-owned search engine in China, managing 76.05 percent of China’s market share. The number of Internet users in China had actually reached 705 million by the end of 2015, according to a report by the internetlivestats.com. [77]

In an August 2010 Wall Street Journal post, [78] Baidu soft-pedaled its gain from Google’s having moved its China search service to Hong Kong, however Baidu’s share of earnings in China’s search-advertising market grew 6 percentage points in the 2nd quarter to 70%, according to Beijing-based research firm Analysys International.

It is likewise evident that Baidu is trying to enter the Internet social network market. Since 2011 [update], it is discussing the possibility of working with Facebook, which would cause a Chinese variation of the international social media, managed by Baidu. [79] This plan, if carried out, would deal with off Baidu with competition from the 3 popular Chinese social media networks Qzone, Renren [80] and Kaixin001 [81] as well as induce competition with instant-messaging giant, Tencent QQ. [82]

On 22 February 2012, Hudong sent a complaint to the State Administration for Industry and Commerce asking for a review of the behavior of Baidu, implicating it of being monopolistic. [83]

By August 2014, Baidu’s search market share in China dropped to 56.3%, where Qihoo 360, its closest rival who has rebranded its search engine as so.com, has actually increased its market share to 29.0%, according to report from CNZZ.com. [84]

In February 2015, Baidu was declared to have utilized anticompetitive techniques in Brazil against the Brazilian online security company PSafe and Qihoo 360 (the biggest financier of PSafe). [85] [86]

In a continuous competition in AI natural language processing called General Language Understanding Evaluation, otherwise referred to as GLUE, Baidu took a lead over Microsoft and Google in December 2019. [87]

Research and patents

Baidu has begun to purchase deep knowing research and is incorporating brand-new deep knowing technology into some of its apps and items, consisting of Phoenix Nest. Phoenix Nest is Baidu’s ad-bidding platform. [88]

In April 2012 Baidu JDC long live gotten a patent for its “DNA copyright acknowledgment” innovation. This technology automatically scans files that are submitted by Internet users, and acknowledges and filters out material that might breach copyright law. This enables Baidu to offer an infringement-free platform. [89] [90]

In April 2022, Baidu announced they got licenses from China to supply the very first driverless taxis. The business aim to provide driverless ride-hailing services to the public and have 10 autonomous cars set to start offering trips to passengers within a 23-square-mile location in suburban start beginning 28 April 2022. [91]

In July 2022, Baidu unveiled the Apollo RT6, a driverless vehicle that is prepared to sign up with Baidu’s driverless fleet in 2023. [92]

According to the China Digital Times, Baidu has a long history of being the most active and restrictive online censor in the search arena. Documents leaked in April 2009 from a staff member in Baidu’s internal monitoring and censorship department show a long list of obstructed websites and censored topics on Baidu search. [93]

In May 2011, activists sued Baidu in the United States for breaking the U.S. Constitution by the censorship it conducts in accord with the demand of the Chinese federal government. [94] A U.S. judge has ruled [95] that the Chinese search engine Baidu can obstruct works from its query results under flexibility of speech rights, dismissing a lawsuit that sought to penalize the business. [96] [97]

In 2017, Baidu began collaborating with the Chinese Ministry of Public Security as well as 372 Internet police departments to find info associated to “anti-government reports” and then flooding “Baidu-linked web sites, news websites and gadgets with alerts dispelling false information.” [98] This was done utilizing natural language processing, huge data and expert system. [98]

As part of the COVID-19 pandemic, Chinese regulators instructed Baidu, in addition to other Internet business, to “conduct special guidance” on news and info related to the illness. [99]

In November 2022, Sustainalytics downgraded Baidu to “non-compliant” with the United Nations Global Compact principles due to complicity with censorship. [100]

Controversies

Death of Wei Zexi

In 2016, Baidu’s P4P search results page supposedly contributed to the death of a trainee who tried a speculative cancer therapy he found online. The 21-year-old university student was named Wèi Zéxī (魏则西), who studied in Xidian University. Wei was identified with synovial sarcoma, an unusual form of cancer. He discovered the Second Hospital of the Beijing Armed Police Corps (武警北京市总队第二医院) through the online search engine Baidu, on which the health center had been promoting itself. [101] The treatment showed unsuccessful and Wèi died in April 2016. [101]

After Wei’s household invested around 200,000 yuan (around US$ 31,150) for treatment in the hospital, Wei Zexi passed away on 12 April 2016. The incident activated enormous online conversations after Wei’s death. [102] On 2 May 2016, Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC), the top watchdog for China’s Internet area, dispatched a team of detectives to Baidu. [103] The case is still continuous. One report declared medical advertising offsets 30% of Baidu’s ad income, much of which comes from for-profit medical facilities that come from the “Putian Network”, a collection of medical facilities throughout the nation established by medical entrepreneurs connected with the Putian region of Fujian province. [104] The investigation led Chinese regulators to enforce several restrictions on Baidu, including adding disclaimers to marketing content and developing channels for grievances about Baidu services. [105] In addition, Baidu’s search function now mainly directs users to contents published on platforms under Baidu’s control, leading Chinese media scholar Fang Kecheng to proclaim that “Online search engine Baidu is dead”. [106]

Commercialization of Tieba

Baidu sold the hemophilia online neighborhood, among the communities of Tieba, to unqualified medical facilities. In January 2016, Baidu revealed that it will stop selling all of its illness-related Tieba. [107] On 12 January, Baidu formally revealed to the public that all Baidu Tieba for all kinds of diseases will entirely stop business cooperation and will just be open to authoritative public well-being organizations. In action to Baidu’s choice, Lin Jinlong, president of the Hunan Medical and Health Industry Association, said that personal healthcare facilities have gotten in a period of industry improvement and updating, and are neither dependent on posting bar advertisements nor relying on competitive rankings any longer, so Baidu’s decision will not have an unfavorable impact on the market. [108]

DO Global subsidiary ad-fraud in downloaded apps

On 20 April 2019, it was reported that a number of applications for Android devices established by the subsidiary company, DO Global (formerly DU Group), were surreptitiously running income enhancing background programs on user gadgets considering that at least 2016. [109] These programs, part of six known applications developed by the company, and downloaded numerous millions times, were clicking on web advertisements – even when the gadgets were idle, and unbeknownst to end users, to increase profits created by “clicks”. [109] Just one of the apps, all of which were available on Google Play Store, had been downloaded 50 million times alone and carried a user rating of 4.5 stars by 10s of thousands. [109]

Google banned DO Global and more than 100 of its apps from the Google Play Store on 26 April 2019. [110] [111] DO Global was likewise prohibited from Google’s AdMob Network. [110] Apps from another developer, ES Global, consisting of the ES File Explorer, that were owned by DO Global were prohibited from the Play Store and the account was suspended. [112] [113] [114] [115] [116] [117] [118]

Block in India

In August 2020, following the 2020 China-India skirmishes, Baidu was one of a number of Chinese sites that were prohibited or blocked in India for national security reasons. [119]

2024 head of communications controversy

In May 2024, Baidu’s former vice president and head of communications Qu Jing [zh] (Chinese: 璩静) sparked major reactions across the Chinese social networks for endorsing poisonous workplace culture, where, according to a Douyin video, she has asked a coworker to be on a 50-day company trip throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. [120] The report has excited even more discussions among Chinese netizens relating to Baidu’s business governance and internal culture. Qu openly asked forgiveness after the incident and has allegedly lost her job. Baidu’s stock cost fell 2.17% in Hong Kong following the occurrence. [121] [122]

Panguso.
Tencent.
Sogou.
Alibaba.
Google.
Intellectual home in individuals’s Republic of China.
Software market in China.
of web online search engine.
List of online search engine.
List of search engines by appeal.

China.

Companies.

Internet.

Technology.

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Further reading

– Lee, Melanie (19 January 2010). “NEWSMAKER-Baidu founder guidelines China’s Web with pragmatism”. Reuters.
– Udeze, Chuka (26 March 2012). “Baidu Search to be Integrated by Apple on iOS Devices”.
– Kohout, Martin (30 October 2014). “Spyware Baidu to Sony Xperia mobile phones”.